Table 3 Changes in physical activity behaviour, physical fitness and psychological well-being in patients receiving intervention vs usual care from baseline to 36 months follow-up

PAI score

 Baseline

2.62 (2.56)

3.03 (2.61)

 Follow-up

4.15 (3.03)

3.50 (3.08)

 Change, p-value

1.53 (2.82), < 0.001^c

0.46 (2.93), 0.155^c

1.07 (0.21 to 1.93)

0.015^a

 ANCOVA

0.90 (0.10 to 1.70)

0.028

Activity level

 Inactive (PAI 0–0.04)

  Baseline

21 (22.8%)

17 (20.5%)

  Follow-up

7 (7.6%)

13 (15.7%)

  Change, p-value

-14 (15.2%), < 0.001^d

-4 (4.8%), 0.332^d

10.4%

0.119^b

 Low activity (PAI 0.05–1.5)

  Baseline

23 (25%)

13 (15.7%)

  Follow-up

15 (16.3%)

15 (18.1%)

  Change, p-value

-8 (8.7%), p = 0.144^d

2 (2.4%), 0.617^d

11.1%

0.144^b

 Medium activity (PAI 1.51–3.75)

  Baseline

28 (30.4%)

31 (37.3%)

  Follow-up

36 (39.1%)

31 (37.3%)

  Change, p-value

8 (8.7%), 0.157^d

0

8.7%

0.414^b

 High activity (PAI 3.76–15)

  Baseline

20 (21.7%)

22 (26.5%)

  Follow-up

34 (37%)

24 (28.9%)

  Change, p-value

14 (15.3%), 0.003^d

2 (2.4), 0.71^d

12.9%

0.130^b

 VO_2peak ml/kg/min

  Baseline

29.0 (6.7)

29.2 (6.1)

  Follow-up

28.4 (6.6)

28.7 (7.2)

  Change, p-value

-0.7 (4.2), 0.117^c

-0.5 (6.4), 0.443^c

-0.1 (-1.67 to 1.39)

0.854^a

  ANCOVA

-0.2 (-1.63 to 1.26)

0.803

 VO_2peak l/min

  Baseline

2.67 (0.7)

2.67 (0.8)

  Follow-up

2.64 (0.7)

2.63 (0.9)

  Change, p-value

-0.04 (0.4), 0.344^c

-0.04 (0.5), 0.397^c

-0.01 (-0.11 to 0.13)

0.927^a

  ANCOVA

-0.01 (-0.11 to 0.12)

0.915

 WHO5 standardized %score

  Baseline

59.78 (17.96)

64.65 (17.22)

  Follow-up

69.14 (17.62)

68.95 (16.34)

  Change, p-value

9.36 (15.33), < 0.001^c

4.30 (13.22), 0.005^c

5.06 (0.68 to 9.45)

0.024^a

  ANCOVA

3.28 (-0.69 to 5.25)

0.104