Rationale and design of the SPRING trail: effectivity and safety of Pfo closuRe vs medIcine in alleviatiNg migraine, a multicenter, randomized and open-label trail

Table 2 Primary and secondary endpoints

Primary endpoint
Complete cessation of migraine during the follow up.
Secondary efficacy endpoints
Mean reduction of monthly migraine attacks. Mean reduction of monthly migraine days. Responder rate.
Secondary safety endpoints
All-cause mortality. Peripheral embolism. New-onset arrhythmia warranting intervention. New-onset myocardial infarction. Other complications related to PFO closure procedure, device and antiplatelet drugs. Other side effects associated with the drugs used in the study.

ISSN: 1471-2261