Table 4 Effects of smoking combined with common cardiovascular risk factors, grouped based on clinical cut-off points, on CVD risk

Non-smoker, non-central obesity

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Non-smoker, central obesity

3.70 (2.51, 5.46) < 0.0001

1.86 (1.22, 2.81) 0.0036

1.23 (0.78, 1.93) 0.3747

 Smoker, non-central obesity

1.23 (0.65, 2.32) 0.5336

1.47 (0.75, 2.90) 0.2611

1.39 (0.67, 2.87) 0.3796

 Smoker, central obesity

4.86 (3.22, 7.33) < 0.0001

3.93 (2.53, 6.12) < 0.0001

3.04 (1.87, 4.94) < 0.0001

Non-smoker, lower TG

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Non-smoker, higher TG

1.33 (1.07, 1.66) 0.0104

1.35 (1.06, 1.71) 0.0140

1.29 (0.99, 1.68) 0.0631

 Smoker, lower TG

1.19 (0.96, 1.48) 0.1162

1.90 (1.49, 2.43) < 0.0001

2.31 (1.75, 3.04) < 0.0001

 Smoker, higher TG

1.64 (1.21, 2.22) 0.0015

2.80 (2.00, 3.93) < 0.0001

2.72 (1.86, 3.98) < 0.0001

Non-smoker, higher HDL-c

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Non-smoker, lower HDL-c

1.65 (1.27, 2.16) 0.0002

2.25 (1.67, 3.03) < 0.0001

1.69 (1.21, 2.35) 0.0022

 Smoker, higher HDL-c

1.22 (1.00, 1.49) 0.0543

1.97 (1.57, 2.48) < 0.0001

2.22 (1.72, 2.87) < 0.0001

 Smoker, lower HDL-c

1.75 (1.21, 2.54) 0.0030

3.73 (2.47, 5.64) < 0.0001

3.82 (2.43, 6.01) < 0.0001

Non-smoker, non-HTN

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Non-smoker, HTN

5.87 (4.67, 7.38) < 0.0001

2.38 (1.86, 3.05) < 0.0001

1.61 (1.22, 2.13) 0.0008

 Smoker, non-HTN

1.54 (1.08, 2.18) 0.0163

1.95 (1.34, 2.82) 0.0004

2.42 (1.63, 3.59) < 0.0001

 Smoker, HTN

6.91 (5.23, 9.12) < 0.0001

4.76 (3.53, 6.42) < 0.0001

3.55 (2.53, 4.98) < 0.0001

Non-smoker, non-DM

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Non-smoker, DM

4.01 (3.29, 4.88) < 0.0001

2.36 (1.90, 2.92) < 0.0001

1.48 (1.17, 1.88) 0.0012

 Smoker, non-DM

1.45 (1.16, 1.82) 0.0013

2.27 (1.76, 2.92) < 0.0001

2.49 (1.88, 3.30) < 0.0001

 Smoker, DM

4.42 (3.21, 6.09) < 0.0001

3.95 (2.79, 5.60) < 0.0001

2.93 (1.99, 4.32) < 0.0001