Macronutrients quality indices and risk of metabolic syndrome and its components in Iranian adults

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants according to metabolic syndrome incidence

Variables	Healthy(n = 904)	Metabolic syndrome patients (n = 834)	P-value*
Age (years)	48.8 ± 7.5	49.7 ± 7.4	0.017
Male (%)	45.1	39.6	0.019
Smoking (%)	15.5	12.5	0.066
Physical activity (MET/hour/week)	53.5 (10.4–99.0)	54.3 (11.9–96.3)	0.611
SBP (mmHg)	109.8 ± 14.4	113.6 ± 14.6	< 0.001
FPG (mg/dl)	88.6 ± 13.1	93.2 ± 24.5	< 0.001
TGs (mg/dl)	115.4 ± 60.3	149.9 ± 75.5	< 0.001
HDL-c(mg/dl)	46.6 ± 10.7	42.3 ± 9.7	< 0.001
TG to HDL-c ratio	2.70 ± 1.85	3.87 ± 2.78	< 0.001
Waist(cm)	87.3 ± 9.8	92.4 ± 9.0	< 0.001
Dietary intakes
Energy(Kcal/d)	2250 ± 684	2233 ± 686	0.609
Carbohydrate(% of energy)	56.7 ± 6.3	56.8 ± 6.4	0.639
Fat(% of energy)	29.2 ± 6.4	29.2 ± 6.5	0.897
Protein score	10.5 ± 3.5	10.2 ± 3.4	0.125
Protein(% of energy)	14.0 ± 2.7	13.9 ± 2.8	0.434
Plant protein(% of energy)	7.56 ± 1.74	7.45 ± 1.63	0.186
Animal protein(% of energy)	6.92 ± 2.62	7.00 ± 2.66	0.532
PAR	1.33 ± 0.92	1.30 ± 1.03	0.483
CQI	12.6 ± 2.3	12.5 ± 2.5	0.229
Fiber (g/1000Kcal)	19.6 ± 8.4	19.2 ± 6.6	0.281
Glycemic index(1000/Kcal)	28.6 ± 10.6	28.7 ± 10.9	0.727
whole-grain/total-grain	0.27 (0.13–0.43)	0.26 (0.12–0.41)	0.332
SCHO /TCHO	0.98 ± 0.02	0.98 ± 0.02	0.776

Abbreviations SBP: Systolic blood pressure, FPG: fasting plasma glucose, TGs: Triglycerides, PAR: Plant: animal protein ratio, CQI: carbohydrates quality index, SCHO: solid carbohydrates, TCHO: Total carbohydrates (including solid carbohydrates + liquid carbohydrates)
Data represented as mean ± SD, or median (IQR 25–75) for continuous variables and percent for categorical variables
* Independent t-test and chi-square were used to test the differences between groups for continuous and categorical variables, respectively

ISSN: 1471-2261