Table 2 Characteristics of the studies evaluating the association between hs-Tn I and CAC

Januzzi et al.

(2019) [22]

USA

59.7(7.8)

Symptomatic outpatients with suspected CAD

Cross-sectional

n = 1844

-

NR

Stable outpatients with suspected CAD, concentrations of hsTnI were significantly associated with CAC as well as obstructive CAD.

Good

Rusnak et al.

(2017) [21]

Germany

58

Patients with low to intermediate risk of CAD

Cross-sectional

n = 76

-

OR(95%CI):

3.4(0.867–13.337), 0.07^a

8.8(1.183–65.475), 0.034^b

Adjusted for: age, gender, creatinine, uric acid, cholesterol, LDLC, HDLC, BMI, triglycerides, arterial hypertension, cardiac family history, smoking, diabetes and NT-proB

hs-cTnI was increasing alongside Agatston score and was able to differentiate between different groups of Agatston scores.

Moderate

Tveit

et al.

(2022) [26]

Norway

65

Patients referred for angiographic evaluation of CAD

Cross-sectional

n = 646

-

B:

0.68(0.43–0.93), p < 0.001

Adjusted for: age, sex, current smoking, history of CAD, diabetes or HF, BMI, SBP, LDL-C and eGFR

There was a graded association between higher concentrations of hs-cTnI and higher CAC-score in the total population. This association was non-linear for hs-cTnI with a stronger association below 3 ng/L.

Moderate

Olson

et al.

(2016) [28]

Denmark

49% were 50 years old

Middle-aged subjects without known CVD

Cross-sectional

n = 1173

-

OR(95%CI):

1.25(1.03–1.51), 0.025^c 1.36(1.08–1.71), p = 0.009^a

1.22(0.88–1.69), 0.2^b

Adjusted for: sex, age, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, smoking, diabetes, family history of CVD and creatinine

Hs-TnI was associated with CAC in a Danish middle-aged population without previously known CVD. This is a step towards understanding hs-TnI as a risk marker for CVD.

Good

Cardinaels

et al.

(2016) [18]

Netherlands

55.8 ± 11.0

Patients with chest discomfort

Cross-sectional

n = 1864

-

NR

hs-cTnI concentrations were associated with

coronary calcium score.

Good