Table 1 Comparisons of clinical characteristics among the three calcification score groups

Demographics

 Age, years

62.9 ± 12.3

56.2 ± 10.4

65.6 ± 11.1^*

72.1 ± 10.1^*§

< 0.001

 Male, n (%)

253 (76.2)

131 (88.5)

84 (75.7) ^*

38 (52.1) ^*§

< 0.001

 BMI, kg/m²

24.9 ± 3.3

25.4 ± 2.8

24.9 ± 3.3

24.0 ± 3.9^*

0.009

Risk factors, n (%)

 Hypertension

198 (59.6)

74 (50.0)

74 (66.7) ^*

50 (68.5) ^*

0.006

 Dyslipidemia

174 (52.6)

78 (52.7)

62 (56.4)

34 (46.6)

0.43

 Diabetes mellitus

107 (32.3)

37 (25.0)

36 (32.4) ^*

34 (46.6) ^*

0.006

 Current smokers

203 (61.1)

109 (73.7)

64 (57.7) ^*

30 (41.1) ^*

< 0.001

 Family history of premature CHD

56 (16.9)

32 (21.6)

18 (16.4) ^*

6 (8.2) ^*

0.032

 Previous MI

16 (4.8)

9 (6.1)

4 (3.6)

3 (4.1)

0.63

 Previous PCI

34 (10.3)

17 (11.5)

11 (10.0)

6 (8.2)

0.74

Killip classification, n (%)

0.073

 I

243 (73.9)

117 (80.1)

81 (73.6)

45 (61.6)

 II

62 (18.8)

22 (15.1)

19 (17.3)

21 (28.8)

 III

11 (3.3)

4 (2.7)

3 (2.7)

4 (5.5)

 VI

13 (4.0)

3 (2.1)

7 (6.4)

3 (4.1)

GRACE risk score

156.9 ± 32.0

143.7 ± 25.8

108.9 ± 33.4^*

174.0 ± 30.3^*§

< 0.001

Lab results

 TC, mmol/L

4.2 ± 1.1

4.3 ± 1.2

4.3 ± 1.0

4.2 ± 1.0

0.94

 TG, mmol/L

1.7 ± 1.4

1.8 ± 1.5

1.7 ± 1.3

1.5 ± 1.1

0.18

 LDL-c, mmol/L

2.7 ± 0.9

2.7 ± 0.9

2.7 ± 0.8

2.7 ± 0.9

0.98

 HDL-c, mmol/L

1.0 ± 0.2

1.0 ± 0.2

1.0 ± 0.2

1.0 ± 0.2

0.13

 FBG, mmol/L

7.5 ± 3.8

7.3 ± 4.5

7.8 ± 3.5

7.8 ± 2.8

0.56

 HbA1c, %

7.1 ± 1.7

7.4 ± 1.8

6.6 ± 1.3

7.1 ± 2.0

0.18

 Uric acid, mmol/L

332.3 ± 97.8

341.3 ± 98.1

327.4 ± 100.8

321.3 ± 92.2

0.29

 Serum creatinine, µmol/L

72.0 (63.0, 84.0)

72.0 (63.3, 82.8)

73.0 (64.0, 87.5)

71.0 (55.5, 84.5)

0.26

 BNP, pg/mL

205.3 (88.2, 393.8)

161.0 (72.6, 236.6)

138.8 (81.7, 693.5)

375.2 (232.9, 563.3) ^*

0.008

Echocardiographic data

 LVEDD, mm

47.7 ± 5.2

48.4 ± 5.3

47.2 ± 5.2

46.9 ± 4.8

0.069

 LAD, mm

36.3 ± 4.3

36.1 ± 4.0

36.4 ± 4.8

36.7 ± 3.9

0.6

 LVEF, %

50.1 ± 12.2

50.9 ± 1.0

49.4 ± 1.2

49.5 ± 1.4

0.55

Vascular and valvular calcifications

 Coronary artery calcification, n (%)

  Left anterior descending branch

170 (51.2)

18 (12.2)

79 (71.2) ^*

73 (100) ^*§

< 0.001

  Left circumflex artery

84 (25.3)

0 (0)

20 (18.0) ^*

64 (87.7) ^*§

< 0.001

  Right coronary artery

105 (31.6)

6 (4.0)

33 (29.7) ^*

66 (90.4) ^*§

< 0.001

 Thoracic aorta calcification, n (%)

135 (40.7)

18 (12.2)

63 (56.8) ^*

54 (74.0) ^*

< 0.001

 Aortic valve calcification, n (%)

191 (57.5)

43 (29.0)

81 (73.0) ^*

67 (91.8) ^*§

< 0.001

 Calcification score

2.0 ± 1.6

0.6 ± 0.5

2.5 ± 0.5^*

4.4 ± 0.5^*§

< 0.001