Table 1 Baseline characteristics comparing HFpEF participants with and without AF

Age, years

70 ± 10

76 ± 8

< 0.001

Sex, n (%) female

39 (52)

30 (49)

0.744

Ethnicity

0.023

 White, n(%)

57 (76)

57 (93)

 South Asian, n(%)

14 (19)

3 (5)

 Black and Other, n(%)

4 (5)

1 (2)

Height, cm

163 ± 9

165 ± 10

0.203

Weight, kg

92 ± 20

90 ± 19

0.508

BMI, kg/m²

35 ± 7

33 ± 7

0.143

Heart rate, bpm

68 [59–82]

67 [59–78]

0.524

SBP, mmHg

147 ± 27

143 ± 23

0.426

DBP, mmHg

73 [62–80]

75 [68–83]

0.072

History, n (%)

 Hypertension

69 (92)

54 (89)

0.493

 Hyperlipidaemia

40 (53)

27 (44)

0.293

 Diabetes

46 (61)

22 (36)

0.003

 IHD

19 (25)

17 (28)

0.739

 Smoking

38 (51)

34 (56)

0.556

 COPD

9 (12)

9 (15)

0.637

 Previous HF hospitalisation

52 (69)

38 (62)

0.388

Medications, n (%)

 ACEi

46 (61)

29 (48)

0.108

 ARB

23 (31)

19 (31)

0.952

 Beta blocker

45 (60)

47 (77)

0.035

 Dihydropyridine CCB

25 (33)

14 (23)

0.183

 Non-dihydropyridine CCB

2 (3)

4 (7)

0.272

 Digoxin

0 (0)

11 (18)

< 0.001

 Amiodarone

0 (0)

2 (3)

0.114

 Diuretic

59 (79)

50 (82)

0.631

 Statin

50 (67)

36 (59)

0.357

 Metformin

22 (29)

12 (20)

0.196

 Sulphonylurea

6 (8)

5 (8)

0.967

 Insulin

17 (23)

6 (10)

0.047

eGFR, mL/min/1.73m²

60 [46–83]

69 [56–83]

0.079

HbA1c, %

6.4 [5.8–7.4]

6.0 [5.7–6.8]

0.378

BNP, ng/L

111 [43–249]

159 [92–271]

0.044

Functional Status

 NYHA Class I/II, n (%)

50 (67)

44 (72)

0.493

 NYHA Class III/IV, n (%)

25 (33)

17 (28)

0.493

 6MWT distance, m

192 ± 91

200 ± 93

0.615

 Minnesota living with HF score

48 ± 24

43 ± 22

0.214

HFA-PEFF score

0.607

 0–1

5 (7)

7 (12)

 2–4

40 (53)

30 (49)

 ≥ 5

30 (40)

24 (39)