Fig. 3

Forest plot (A) showing adjusted mean differences in key plasma biomarkers between AF and SR groups. All values are Log10 transformed. Means were adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, body mass index, diabetes status, systolic blood pressure and estimated glomerular filtration rate. Cluster analysis (B) showed three distinct cohorts with cluster 1 had 30% with AF and was made up of mainly females with high BMI, higher prevalence of diabetes with poorer glycaemic control and higher circulating lipids and lower systolic BP and better systolic function. In Cluster 2, 51% had AF and there were more males with higher BMI, an adverse fibroinflammatory profile, poorer kidney function and hypertensive. Cluster 3 had the highest proportion of AF and was mainly male with lower BMI, low prevalence of diabetes, comparatively better fibroinflammatory profile, with increased systolic blood pressure, higher LV mass and biventricular volumes and poorer LV systolic function. Abbreviations: MMP-2 = matrix metalloproteinase-2; BNP = B-type natriuretic peptide; ANP = atrial natriuretic peptide; IL-8 = interleukin-8. Image created using Biorender.com