Table 2 Details of included studies
Study | Location | Groups | Sample size | Age (years) | Male gender (%) | HT (%) | DM (%) | CKD (%) | Previous MI (%) | Previous CVA (%) | Medications at discharge | Factors adjusted in multivariable analysis | Follow-up | NOS score | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | ASA | P2Y12 inhibitor | Statins | Beta- blockers | Â | Â | Â |
Lawless 2023 [17] | UK | MINOCA MI-CAD | 1439 11,763 | 67 72 | 69.8 55.2 | 39.2 59.3 | 14.3 24.1 | 2.7 0.9 | 14.6 26.1 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | Age, family history of coronary artery disease, hypercholesterolaemia, HT, smoking status, cardiogenic shock at the time of angiogram, and ST-segment elevation on baseline ECG | 4.6Â years | 8 |
Magnani 2022 [24] | Italy | MINOCA MI-CAD | 317 1683 | 38 41 | 75.7 91.3 | 18.3 28.3 | 3.8 8.4 | NR | NR | NR | 82 95.1 | 28.4 54.6 | 87.4 99.4 | 65.6 85.4 | Age, sex, BMI, DM, HT, smoking habits, dyslipidemia, a family history of cardiac disease, previous thromboembolic events, hypertension, LVEF, medical treatment, and admission presentation | 19.9Â years | 8 |
Vranken 2020 [13] | Netherlands | MINOCA MI-CAD | 402 4025 | 64 68 | 48.5 74 | 48.6 58.2 | 13.8 18.5 | 5.2 4.4 | 5.8 15.7 | 2.8 3.9 | 61.8 87.4 | 29.2 74.1 | NR | NR | Age, DM, current smoking, creatinine levels at admission | 1Â year | 8 |
Lopez-Pais 2020 [23] | Spain | MINOCA MI-CAD | 109 412 | 64.6 66.7 | 48.6 78.2 | 61.5 62.1 | 23.9 35.6 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | Age, HT, dyslipidemia, DM, tobacco use | 1Â year | 8 |
Gasior 2020 [22] | Poland | MINOCA MI-CAD | 6063 160,886 | 67 65 | 46.9 65.6 | 73.9 73.3 | 22.4 25.8 | NR | 0 18 | 3.2 3.5 | 87.6 92.4 | 67.5 84.8 | 83.3 88.9 | 78.6 84.4 | Age, gender, obesity, dyslipidemia, DM, smoking, pulmonary disease, peripheral artery disease, heart rate, chest pain, sinus rhythm, LVEF | 1Â year | 8 |
Dreyer 2020 [21] | USA | MINOCA MI-CAD | 16,849 269,931 | 75.1 75.6 | 23 58.5 | NR | 25.8 37.9 | 7.7 10.8 | 7.8 16.9 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | Sociodemographics, cardiovascular history and comorbidities | 1Â year | 8 |
Schmitz 2020 [20] | USA | MINOCA MI-CAD | 73 2097 | 61.6 63.4 | 62.6 70.5 | 51.4 59.3 | 19.2 21.9 | NR | 4.1 15.5 | 2.7 5.3 | NR | NR | NR | NR | Age, gender, history of heart failure, history of CABG, HT, hyperlipidemia, prior MI, prior percutaneous coronary intervention, current tobacco, current rural status, presentation with heart failure | 1Â year | 8 |
Abdu 2019 [18] | China | MINOCA MI-CAD | 128 1901 | 61.9 65.4 | 53.1 77.2 | 52.3 62.4 | 10.9 29.6 | NR | 2.3 10.9 | 13.3 15.4 | 83.6 94.8 | 48.4 92.5 | 87.5 95.6 | 52.3 72.6 | Age, gender, HT, DM, smoking, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, cerebral infarction, total cholesterol, cardiac troponin and LVEF | 1Â year | 8 |
Choo 2019 [19] | South Korea | MINOCA MI-CAD | 396 10,871 | 62.3 63.4 | 57.3 74.9 | 50.8 48.9 | 22 26.5 | NR | NR | 5.8 6.2 | 95.5 99.7 | 36.9 96.5 | 73 91.9 | 33.6 83.5 | Age, gender, Killip class at initial presentation, DM, current smoking, ST changes in the initial ECG, lipid profile, and LVEF | 2Â years | 8 |
Williams 2018 [31] | New Zealand | MINOCA MI-CAD | 897 7408 | 63.1 65.1 | 45.7 72.5 | NR | 15.7 22.7 | NR | NR | NR | 90.4 97.2 | 67.9 84.4 | 89.8 95.8 | 72.2 87.2 | Age, gender, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, Killip score, cardiac arrest, ST-segment depression, elevated cardiac enzymes, creatinine. aspirin, statin, second antiplatelet agent, ACE inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker, beta-blocker | 2Â years | 8 |
Raparelli 2018 [30] | Canada | MINOCA MI-CAD | 82 916 | 49 49 | 58.5 67 | 32.9 36.9 | 7.3 16.9 | NR | 15.8 20.3 | NR | 85.4 98.4 | NR | 81.7 94.8 | 67.1 87.8 | Age, gender, GRACE score, HT, PCS at baseline, therapy at discharge | 1Â year | 8 |
Barr 2018 [29] | New Zealand | MINOCA MI-CAD | 302 1768 | 56.9 60.7 | 50 74.4 | NR | 19.5 27 | NR | NR | NR | 97.4 99.4 | 68.9 78.8 | 93.4 97.4 | 77.2 89 | Age, gender, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, Killip score, cardiac arrest, ST depression, elevated cardiac enzymes, creatinine | 2.4Â years | 8 |
Bainey 2018 [27] | Canada | MINOCA MI-CAD | 2092 33,836 | 59 63.3 | 47 74.3 | NR | 14.1 25.4 | 3.8 4.7 | 5 11.2 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | Age, gender, time to catheterization from index hospitalization, MI type and Charlson Comorbidity Index | 1Â years | 8 |
Andersson 2018 [26] | Denmark | MINOCA MI-CAD | 298 4239 | 65 63 | 61 74 | 44 40 | 12 13 | NR | 12 13 | 7 5 | NR | NR | NR | NR | Age, gender, body mass index, smoking, HT, hyperlipidaemia, DM, previous MI, previous stroke, and family history of CAD, and left bundle branch block | 2.6Â years | 8 |
Planer 2014 [28] | USA | MINOCA MI-CAD | 197 2245 | 54 60 | 46.7 68 | 52.6 58.4 | 18.4 26.6 | NR | 10.9 21.8 | NR | 81.9 87.5 | NR | NR | NR | Age, gender, DM, HT, current smoking, hyperlipidemia, history of MI, renal insufficiency, ST-segment deviation ≥ 1 mm, and troponin level | 1 year | 8 |
Cortell 2009 [25] | Spain | MINOCA MI-CAD | 64 440 | 60 66 | 42.2 73.9 | 51.6 60 | 20.3 38 | NR | 3.1 14.8 | 3.1 6.8 | NR | NR | NR | NR | Age, DM, prior MI, renal failure, heart failure on admission | 3Â years | 8 |