BMC Cardiovascular Disorders

Table 3 Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with associated 95% confidence interval (CI) for asymptomatic carotid atherosclerosis

From: Circulating adipsin is associated with asymptomatic carotid atherosclerosis in obese adults

Variables	Increased CIMT			Atherosclerotic plaque			Asymptomatic carotid atherosclerosis*
Variables	OR	95% CI	P-value	OR	95% CI	P-value	OR	95% CI	P-value
Model 1
BMI (kg/m²)	1.244	0.992–1.560	0.059	0.789	0.606–1.026	0.077	1.048	0.846–1.299	0.669
Waist circumference (cm)	1.037	0.827–1.300	0.754	0.752	0.577–0.979	0.034	0.932	0.752–1.156	0.523
HOMA-IR	1.491	1.013–2.192	0.043	1.040	0.685–1.579	0.854	1.098	0.764–1.577	0.613
Body fat mass (Kg)	1.086	0.864–1.365	0.482	0.797	0.613–1.035	0.089	0.991	0.798–1.231	0.937
Visceral fat (cm²)	1.736	1.374–2.194	< 0.001	0.853	0.666–1.092	0.206	1.271	1.022–1.581	0.031
Serum adipsin (ug/ml)	0.691	0.541–0.882	0.003	0.877	0.696–1.107	0.269	0.704	0.567–0.875	0.002
Serum adipsin (ug/ml)
(Quartile 1 vs. Quartile 4)	1.762	0.916–3.390	0.090	1.435	0.764–2.696	0.261	2.002	1.120–3.579	0.019
(Quartile 2 vs. Quartile 4)	3.536	1.898–6.588	< 0.001	1.144	0.608–2.152	0.677	2.528	1.431–4.469	0.001
(Quartile 3 vs. Quartile 4)	2.443	1.299–4.595	0.006	0.839	0.437–1.609	0.597	1.813	1.022–3.216	0.042
Model 2
BMI (kg/m²)	1.251	0.996- 1.570	0.054	0.784	0.602–1.021	0.071	1.049	0.846–1.301	0.660
Waist circumference (cm)	1.043	0.831–1.310	0.714	0.759	0.582–0.990	0.042	0.936	0.754–1.162	0.551
HOMA-IR	1.501	1.015–2.218	0.042	1.011	0.806–1.269	0.922	1.095	0.761–1.577	0.625
Body fat mass (Kg)	1.095	0.871–1.378	0.437	0.801	0.616–1.041	0.097	0.998	0.803–1.240	0.983
Visceral fat (cm²)	1.777	1.400–2.255	< 0.001	0.850	0.662–1.092	0.205	1.284	1.030–1.600	0.026
Serum adipsin (ug/ml)	0.690	0.540–0.883	0.003	0.879	0.697–1.109	0.277	0.705	0.567–0.876	0.002
Serum adipsin (ug/ml)
(Quartile 1 vs. Quartile 4)	1.788	0.930–3.441	0.082	1.426	0.758–2.682	0.271	2.023	1.131–3.619	0.018
(Quartile 2 vs. Quartile 4)	3.562	1.907–6.652	< 0.001	1.124	0.596–2.119	0.718	2.559	1.444–4.534	0.001
(Quartile 3 vs. Quartile 4)	2.417	1.278–4.569	0.007	0.806	0.417–1.557	0.521	1.798	1.008–3.204	0.047
Model 3
BMI (kg/m²)	1.131	0.884–1.446	0.328	0.711	0.535–0.944	0.019	0.972	0.772–1.223	0.807
Waist circumference (cm)	0.979	0.770–1.244	0.860	0.724	0.550–0.954	0.022	0.893	0.713–1.118	0.323
HOMA-IR	1.220	0.742–2.007	0.433	0.995	0.586–1.691	0.985	1.068	0.671–1.700	0.780
Body fat mass (Kg)	1.040	0.817–1.323	0.751	0.775	0.591–1.016	0.065	0.970	0.773–1.217	0.791
Visceral fat (cm²)	1.674	1.302–2.153	< 0.001	0.767	0.584–1.007	0.057	1.210	0.955–1.532	0.115
Serum adipsin (ug/ml)	0.655	0.509–0.843	0.001	0.848	0.670–1.072	0.168	0.665	0.532–0.832	< 0.001
Serum adipsin (ug/ml)
(Quartile 1 vs. Quartile 4)	1.935	0.976–3.836	0.059	1.528	0.799–2.923	0.200	2.267	1.236–4.158	0.008
(Quartile 2 vs. Quartile 4)	4.248	2.195–8.224	< 0.001	1.221	0.637–2.339	0.548	2.963	1.630–5.386	< 0.001
(Quartile 3 vs. Quartile 4)	2.742	1.411–5.328	0.003	0.809	0.413–1.584	0.537	1.910	1.049–3.475	0.034

^*Asymptomatic carotid atherosclerosis is defined as increased CIMT or presence of atherosclerotic plaque
OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval; MI = body mass index; CIMT = Carotid intima-media thickness; BMI = body mass index; HOMA-IR = homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance;
Model 1: adjusted for age, gender
Model 2: adjusted for model 1 + smoking, alcohol consumption, and physical activity
Model 3: adjusted for model 2 + SBP, glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and HDL-c

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