From: Dietary acid load and risk of cardiovascular disease: a prospective population-based study
PRAL (mEq/day) | NEAP (mEq/day) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
< − 16.7 (n = 789) | − 16.7 to − 2.45 (n = 790) | > − 2.45 (n = 790) | < 30.6 (n = 789) | 30.6 to 39.3 (n = 794) | > 39.3 (n = 786) | |
− 31.6 ± 13.0 | − 9.49 ± 4.07 | 7.76 ± 8.6 | 24.9 ± 4.11 | 34.6 ± 2.47 | 48.3 ± 7.75 | |
Nutrient intake | ||||||
Energy intake (kcal) | 2371 ± 23.7 | 2150 ± 25.1 | 2260 ± 27.4* | 2196 ± 23.8 | 2269 ± 24.9 | 2316 ± 27.8* |
Protein (% of energy) | 13.4 ± 0.08 | 13.3 ± 0.08 | 14.1 ± 0.08* | 13.11 ± 0.08 | 13.6 ± 0.08 | 14.2 ± 0.08* |
Carbohydrate (% of energy) | 58.7 ± 0.25 | 56.8 ± 0.25 | 56.1 ± 0.25* | 58.8 ± 0.25 | 56.6 ± 0.25 | 56.3 ± 0.25** |
Fat (% of energy) | 31.3 ± 0.25 | 32.2 ± 0.25 | 31.2 ± 0.25** | 31.6 ± 0.25 | 32.1 ± 0.25 | 31.0 ± 0.25* |
Fiber (gr/d) | 40.4 ± 0.59 | 35.9 ± 0.59 | 34.1 ± 0.58* | 39.7 ± 0.59 | 35.6 ± 0.59 | 35.4 ± 0.59* |
Calcium (mg/d) | 1362 ± 14.5 | 1229 ± 14.4 | 1087 ± 14.4* | 1364 ± 14.3 | 1247 ± 14.2 | 1067 ± 14.3* |
Potassium (mg/d) | 4476 ± 29.0 | 3655 ± 29.0 | 2936 ± 28.9* | 4480 ± 28.8 | 3659 ± 28.7 | 2925 ± 28.8* |
Magnesium (mg/d) | 397 ± 2.83 | 366 ± 2.82 | 346 ± 2.81* | 398 ± 2.81 | 366 ± 2.80 | 345 ± 2.81* |
phosphorus (mg/d) | 1448 ± 10.8 | 1438 ± 10.7 | 1445 ± 10.7* | 1445 ± 10.7 | 1462 ± 10.7 | 1424 ± 10.7* |
Food intake | ||||||
Meat (gr/d) | 47.5 ± 1.46 | 50.9 ± 1.46 | 63.2 ± 1.45* | 42.5 ± 1.43 | 52.1 ± 1.42 | 67.1 ± 1.43* |
Grains (gr/d) | 319 ± 5.91 | 389 ± 5.91 | 486 ± 5.88* | 323 ± 5.92 | 387 ± 5.90 | 485 ± 5.93* |
egg (gr/d) | 14.4 ± 0.44 | 13.8 ± 0.44 | 15.9 ± 0.44* | 14.1 ± 0.44 | 14.1 ± 0.44 | 15.1 ± 0.44* |
cheese (gr/d) | 19.0 ± 0.72 | 18.9 ± 0.72 | 20.3 ± 0.72* | 18.5 ± 0.72 | 19.1 ± 0.71 | 20.6 ± 0.72* |
Fish (gr/d) | 6.27 ± 0.74 | 7.84 ± 0.74 | 6.46 ± 0.74* | 6.53 ± 0.74 | 6.07 ± 0.74 | 7.97 ± 0.75* |
Rice (gr/d) | 202 ± 5.85 | 248 ± 5.85 | 307 ± 5.79* | 208 ± 5.84 | 248 ± 5.82 | 302 ± 5.85* |
Coffee (ml/w) | 59.4 ± 77.6 | 58.8 ± 68.3 | 57.1 ± 65.2** | 55.3 ± 73.3 | 61.6 ± 70.6 | 58.4 ± 70.5** |
Fruit and vegetable (gr/d) | 732 ± 8.61 | 497 ± 8.61 | 303 ± 8.57* | 734 ± 8.60 | 490 ± 8.56 | 307 ± 8.61* |
Potato (gr/d) | 19.9 ± 0.69 | 17.0 ± 0.69 | 14.2 ± 0.69* | 18.9 ± 0.69 | 17.9 ± 0.69 | 14.4 ± 0.70* |
Legumes (gr/d) | 17.1 ± 0.76 | 15.8 ± 0.77 | 14.9 ± 0.76* | 16.1 ± 0.76 | 16.1 ± 0.76 | 15.5 ± 0.76* |