Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the four groups of patients according to the status of diabetes and myocardial injury
Total | DM | p | No DM | p | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MI | No MI | MI | No MI | ||||
3622 | 371 | 553 | 678 | 2020 | |||
Age, years | 68 (55–79) | 76 (66–82) | 73.5 (64–80) | < 0.001 | 83 (74–88) | 77 (64–84) | < 0.001 |
Male sex | 2068 (57.1) | 218 (58.8) | 296 (53.5) | 0.116 | 430 (63.4) | 1124 (55.6) | 0.000 |
Risk factors | |||||||
Arterial Hypertension | 2192 (60.5) | 321 (86.5) | 436 (78.8) | 0.003 | 450 (66.4) | 985 (48.8) | < 0.001 |
Current or previous smoker | 1215 (33.5) | 132 (35.6) | 161 (29.1) | 0.038 | 295 (43.5) | 627 (31) | < 0.001 |
Clinical history and comorbidities | |||||||
Prior myocardial infarction | 718 (19.8) | 148 (39.9) | 144 (26.0) | < 0.001 | 133 (19.6) | 293 (14.5) | 0.002 |
Congestive heart failure | 257 (7.1) | 60 (16.2) | 43 (7.8) | < 0.001 | 74 (10.9) | 80 (4.0) | < 0.001 |
Peripheral arterial disease | 242 (6.7) | 63 (17.0) | 40 (7.2) | < 0.001 | 68 (10.0) | 71 (3.5) | < 0.001 |
Stroke or TIA | 248 (7.8) | 59 (15.9) | 46 (8.3) | < 0.001 | 74 (10.9) | 105 (5.2) | < 0.001 |
Dementia | 128 (3.5) | 19 (5.1) | 23 (4.2) | 0.491 | 33 (4.9) | 53 (2.6) | 0.004 |
COPD | 651 (18.0) | 91 (24.5) | 124 (22.4) | 0.158 | 142 (20.9) | 294 (14.6) | < 0.001 |
Mild liver disease | 68 (1.9) | 7 (1.9) | 15 (2.7) | 0.420 | 9 (1.3) | 37 (1.8) | 0.380 |
Moderate or severe liver disease | 41 (1.1) | 6 (1.6) | 8 (1.4) | 0.835 | 12 (1.8) | 15 (0.7) | 0.020 |
Renal disease | 295 (8.1) | 102 (27.5) | 53 (9.6) | < 0.001 | 89 (13.1) | 51 (2.5) | < 0.001 |
Cancer | 395 (10.9) | 45 (12.1) | 73 (13.2) | 0.632 | 93 (13.7) | 184 (9.1) | 0.001 |
Charlson index | 4 (2–5) | 6 (5–8) | 5 (4–6) | < 0.001 | 4 (2–6) | 3 (1–4) | < 0.001 |
Symptoms | |||||||
Chest pain | 1891 (52.2) | 168 (45.3) | 264 (47.7) | 0.463 | 347 (51.2) | 1112 (55.0) | 0.080 |
Dyspnea | 605 (16.7) | 117 (31.5) | 84 (15.2) | < 0.001 | 164 (24.2) | 240 (11.9) | < 0.001 |
Syncope | 245 (6.8) | 27 (7.3) | 42 (7.6) | 0.857 | 36 (5.3) | 140 (6.9) | 0.139 |
Other symptoms | 1205 (33.3) | 94 (25.3) | 220 (39.8) | < 0.001 | 185 (27.3) | 706 (45.0) | < 0.001 |
Exploration [median] | |||||||
HR (bpm) | 79 (67–95) | 86 (69–104) | 80 (68–93) | < 0.001 | 105 (83–126) | 90 (76–110) | < 0.001 |
SBP (mmHg) | 138 (121–154) | 140 (121–160) | 140 (123–156) | 0.792 | 156 (135–175) | 152 (137–169) | 0.045 |
Sat O | 98 (96–100) | 97 (94–99) | 98 (96–99) | < 0.001 | 99 (97–100) | 100 (99–100) | < 0.001 |
Electrocardiogram | |||||||
IVCD | 528 (14.5) | 92 (25.8) | 84 (16.2) | 0.001 | 131 (20.2) | 221 (11.6) | < 0.001 |
Sinus rhythm | 2780 (81.2) | 259 (72.6) | 423 (81.7) | 0.001 | 457 (70.7) | 1641 (86.2) | < 0.001 |
AF | 573 (16.7) | 82 (23.0) | 87 (16.8) | 0.023 | 170 (26.3) | 234 (12.3) | < 0.001 |
Pacemaker stimulation | 76 (2.2) | 17 (4.8) | 9 (1.7) | 0.001 | 20 (3.1) | 30 (1.6) | 0.016 |
Analytical tests [median] | |||||||
Glucose (mg/dl) | 111 (95–147) | 180 (130–257) | 151 (118–207) | < 0.001 | 151 (117–203) | 118 (102–142) | < 0.001 |
Hemoglobin (g/dl) | 13.4 (12.1–14.7) | 12.4 (11–13.8) | 13 (11.7–14.3) | < 0.001 | 14.7 (13.4–15.8) | 14.9 (13.7–15.8) | < 0.001 |
Glomerular filtration rate | 81 (60–100) | 82 (55–105) | 94 (76–115) | < 0.001 | 91 (68–115) | 105 (86–123) | < 0.001 |